uydpd¾h iqks,a wdßhr;akf.a wNskj iskud l¾;jHh zl=i mndZ iqúfYaI jk ldrKd /ils’ zl=i mndZ m%isoaO uyck m%o¾Ykhg imeñKsfha yßhg isxy, iskudjg yegmia jila imsfrk Èkh’ fuh iskud WmkaÈk ;E.a.la fiah’ WmkaÈkh fhfok Èku  ffjj¾K Ñ;%máhla t<solajkakg yelsùu iqks¨ka ,o iqúfYaIS chls’
fojekak kï zl=i mndZ msgm;a mkyla tljr m%o¾Ykh lsÍuh’ NdIdfjka muKla isxy, jQ bkaÈhdkq  zlvjqKq  fmdfrdkaÿjZ tl, wdfõ tla msgm;ls’ î’ta’ ví,sõ’ chudkakg jvd iqks,a wdßhr;ak fl;rï iqúfYaI Ñ;%mg lrejl= ±hs fuu msgm;a uqøKfhka ,o mkia.=Khl m%.;sfhkau wmg yefÕhs’ zl=i mndZ ys f;jeks iqúfYaI;ajh jkqfha isxy, Ñ;%mg b;sydifha m<uqjrg jeäu ksIamdoljre ixLHdjla tlaj wdfhdackh lrk Ñ;%mgh ùuh’ isxy, iskudj zlvjqKq fmdfrdkaÿfõZ isgu ^1947& iy Bg;a fmr zrdclSh úl%ufha Zisgu ^1925& l+g ksIamdoljrekaf.a wjia:djd§ flfkys,slïj,g f.dÿre úh’ 1925 § Wm; ,eîug kshñ;j ;snqKq isxy, iskudj úkdY lr ±uqfõ o bkaÿ-,xld Ñ;%mg fjf<kafodah’ zrdclSh úl%uhZ bkaÈhdfõ hï hï ;ekaj, m%o¾Ykh fldg th ,xldjg f.fkkakg kshñ;j ;snqKq jljdkqfõu yÈisfha ms<siaiS.sfha flfiao@
1947 jljdkqfõ wjia:djd§  bkaÈhdkq  Ñ;%mg fjf<| wêldßh yuqfõ Ñ;%mg ;kkakg trgg .sh chudkak,d” Ydka;a l=ud¾,d” tã-relauKS,d fmrgqfldg .;a ,dxlsl ksIamdoljre W;aidy lf<a zfyd| isxy, Ñ;%mghlaZ  ;kkakg fkdj zuq,au isxy, Ñ;%mghZ ;kkakgh’ zf¾vdjZ whskajk f;lau ,xldfõ Ñ;%mg fjf<kafoda ;ekqfõ ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%mg fkdfõo@ tajd zisxy,Z jQfha isxy, fonialrKfhka muKs’ fufia jQ isxy, Ñ;%mg ksIamdoljreka  talrdYS ùu zl=i mndZ Ñ;%mgfhka wm olsk wfkla iqúfYaI;ajhhs’

fuu Ñ;%mgfhys ;j;a iqúfYaI;ajhla jkqfha cd;Hka;r iïudk we.hqug m;a m<uq iy tlu ,dxlSh leurd Ys,amshd fuys leurd wOHlaIjrhd f,i i|yka ùuh’ ^tfia ish ku i|ykaùfuka Tíng fuu leurd Ys,amshd ieneúkau fuys isà ±hs fiùu fojkqjg ;nñ’& fuu cd;Hka;r ;,fha ,dxlsl leurd Ys,amshd m<uqjrg ft;sydisl miqìula hgf;a Ñ;%mghla rEm.; lsÍu hk ldrKh muKla iqúfYAISj i,ld iekfikakg isÿj ;sfí’
tfiau fuh ;siai wfífialr kue;s lD;yia; iskud ;sr rplhdf.a wjika ;srkdglh ùuo iqúfYaI lreKls’ by; ldrKfha§  pkak foaYm%shf.a ku fiau ;siai wfífialrf.a ku o zl=i mndZ ys  o we;af;a zku muKlahZ hk mgq ÿlaÅ; iSudjlh’ ir,j lsjfyd;a ;siai wfífialr zl=i mndZ ys fmfkkakg ke;’ wNdjm%dma; lD;yia; ñksid tla w;lska jdikdjka;h’
zl=i mndZiqúfYaI jk  yhjk ldrKh oYl .Kkdjlg miq Ñ;%d.drhla ;=< rE.; flfrk isxy, Ñ;%mgh ùuh’ f,iag¾ zf¾LdfjkaZ msg;g /f.k .sh ,dxlsl iskud leurdj iqks¨ka h<s Ñ;%d.drh lrd /f.k tau iqúfYaIS fkdjkafka flfiao@ f,iag¾ ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq iskud wdl%uKhg uqyqK ÿkafkah’  iqks,a wdßhr;ak bkaÈhdkq  n,dêldrhg kej;;a iqjp lSlre jk ;rug o zl=i mndZ fjka m%Ndu;a fjhs’ fndÿ l;kaorhla u; fudyq bkaÈhdkq  uqødj ;nd we;af;a tys isxy, ,l=Kq hgm;a lrñks’  tod f,iag¾ isxy, .u fidhd .sh w;r chudkak,d  iu. kdh.ï,d” .=Kr;akï,d isxy, nig uqjd ù bkaÈhdkqlrKh jQy’ zl=i mndZ o bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%mghla jeksh’ fuh isxy, ù we;af;a celaika weka;kS jeks uyd isxy,fha jxYl;dlrejl= rÕmEu ksid o fjhs’ wm wmf.a cd;l l;d fmdf;ka  lshjQ zl=i pß;hZ iy zcelaika weka;kSZ f.a m% ;srEmh yd YÍrh w;r mEySula ke;’ tu fkdmEySu iy ÿria:Ndjh hgm;a lrkakg m%ùK;ajhla iqks,a wdßhr;akg ziskud wOHlaIKhZ kue;s iqúYd, úIh ;=< ke;’ iskud m%ldYkh yer wka fndfyda úIhhka ;=< Tyq uyeÿfrls’ m%ùKfhls’ ;ud kshq;= jQ wid¾:lu l,d lghq;a; iskudj nj iqks,a wdßhr;aku mjid we;’ ^foi;sh”1988’3’15&
zl=i mndZys y;ajk iqúfYaI ldrKh jkqfha fuu iskudlrejdf.a oyy;ajk Ñ;%mgh fuh ùuh’ zl=i mndZ hkq  Ñ;%mg fumuK ixLHdjla fufyhjQjl=f.a  iskud lghq;a;lehs wm úiska úYajdi l< hq;=j we;’ y|.u fyda m;srdc fyda m%ikak fyda f,iag¾j;a fu;rï ixLHdjla Ñ;%mg wOHlaIKhfldg ke;’ tneúka tu ixLHd;aul ldrKh u; muKla zl=i mndZ úfYaI fjhs’ iskud;aul ldrKh ;=< muKla iqks¨ka fuys miqjkqfha fmr ksoiqka .;l< iskudlrejka ish,a,g fndfyda mYaÑujh’ tfy;a iqks¨ka
yer wka ish,af,da ljryqj;a mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; iskudj wrNhd fmr<,d ke;’ tlreK zl=i mndZ Ñ;%mgfha iqúfYaI ldrKhla fkdjkafkao@
zl=i mndZ Y%S ,dxlsl iskud b;sydih ;=< b;sydi .; flfrk wgjeks iqúfYaI ldrKh” ;j;a iskudlrejl=u fuys úOdhl ksIamdoljrhd ùuh’ Tyq fidaur;ak Èidkdhlhs’ w;aoelSï imsß iskudlrejl= hï iskudlD;shl w¾:m;shd jk úg tjekakl=f.ka tu iskud lD;shg ,efnk wkq n,h buy;ah’ fuh b;d wNsfhda.d;aul wjia:djla o fjhs’ iskudlrejl= ;j;a iskudlrejl= fjkqfjka wdfhdaclhl= njg m;aùu iqúfYaI iïñY%Khla jkafka Tjqfkdjqka tu wNsfhda.d;aul wjia:djg uqyqK fok wdldrh wkqjh’ wdfhdaclhdf.a j.lSu Ndr.kakd wjia:dfõ§ tu iskudlrejd ;=< Ôj;ajk iskudlrejdj md,kh lr.; hq;af;a flfiao hk ldrKh ienúkau wNsfhda.d;aulh’ ksIamdok lKavdhu fjkqfjka fidaur;ak Èidkdhl zl=imndZ rE .ekaùu wjika jkf;lau o¾Yk ;,fha isá nj lshefõ’ Ñ;%mghl ksIamdoljrhl= ;u Ñ;%mgfha rE.; lsÍï ksujk f;la wOHlaIjrhd iu. o¾Yk ;,fhysu /£ isàu o iqúfYaI ldrKhla jkafka lreKq lsysmhla mokï lrf.kh’ ;u wdfhdaclhd ;ud iu.u ;u o¾Yk ;,fhys Ôj;aùu iskudlrejdf.a iajdêldÍ n,hg yd iaffjÍ ksoyig fl;rï n,mEulafõ oehs fjku u i,ld ne,sh hq;a;ls’ tu wdfhdaclhd iskudlrejl= ùu o fkdi<ld fkdyeßh hq;= ;rï iqúfYaI ldrKhls’ fï lreKg idlaIsh o zl=i mndZ uh’
zl=i mndZ Ñ;%mghg remsh,a ,laI oyila úhoï ù we;’ fuu Ñ;%mgfha jk iqúfYaI ldrKd w;r kj jekak thhs’ hï lD;shl oejeka;lu iy jákdlu ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd” ta i|yd hg l< uqo,a iïNdrhj;a i,ld ne,sh yels oehs ne,Su jrola fkdfõ’ ukaoh;a hï oejeka;” jákd lD;shla W;amdo lsÍu i|yd oejeka; uQ,Hdfhdackhla o jqjukd nj wújd§h’ wNsfhda.h jkqfha tu oejeka; wdfhdackh iskud;aul oejeka;lulg fmr<Sfï iQr;djh iskudlrejd fj;ska fldmuKlska m%ldYfõo hkakh’ zl=i mndZ ;=< ,laI oyil mndjla ke;’
zl=i mndZ iqúfYaI jk ;j;a jeo.;a ldrKdjla we;’ tkï fuh b;d flá l,la ;=< iE§ flá l,lskau uyck m%o¾Ykhg imeñKSuhs’ fuys uqyqr;a Wf<, mej;=fKa 2011-08-01 jeks odh’ m%o¾Ykh werUqfKa 2012-01-26 jeks odh’ m;srdc” O¾uisß” jika;,d fukau Bg miq mrïmrdfõ y|.u” m%ikak,d o È.= ld,dka;rhla ;u Ñ;%mg isysk;a iu. fmdr noñka bjid isáh§ fudyq udi 6la ;=< Ñ;%mghla ;kd m%o¾Ykhg o muqKqjd,Su iqúfYaI ksmqK;djhls’ iqúfYaI jdikdjls’ tneúkao zl=i mndZ úfYaIs;h’
by; lS oi ldrKd wdY%s;j zl=i mndZ iqúfYaI jk nj ms<s.ekSug wm ksy;udkS úh hq;=h’ ó<Õg wm i<ld ne,sh hq;= iqúfYaIu ldrKdj iskud;aul w;ska fuu iskud lD;Hh fl;rï iqúfYaI o hkakh’ zl=i mndZys iskudj fiùfï§ by; lS oi ldrKd lsisjla wod< ke;’
uu iqks,a wdßhr;akj y÷kd.kqfha ziskud ne;su;l=Z f,i ñi ziskudlrejl=Z f,i fkdfõ’ ish Ñ;%mg rdYsh ii|ñka úuioa§ iskud m%ldYkfha wkkH;d wìnjd Tyqf.a iskud Nla;Hdorh u ieu úg u;= ù fmfka’ iqks,a wdßhr;akf.a Ñ;%mgfõoh .=Kd;aul w.h wìnjd ixLHd;aul w.h by< w.hla .ekSu ienúkau iskud l¾udka;h me;af;ka kï iqnodhl ldrKhla jkafkah’ iskudj hkq l¾udka;hls’ Ñ;%mgh hkq NdKavhls’ iskudj wka ish¨ l,d m%ldYkhkaf.a ñY%ùulehs hk w¾:h ie,l+úg iqks,a wdßhr;ak jeks nyq udOH ls%hdldßlhl=g fufia úh yels oehs .eg¨ u;= lrhs’ ;siai wfífialr jekakl=f.a ;sr rpkdjl wdf,dalh mjd ,nñkq;a zl=i mndZ Ñ;%mgh úÑ;%;ajfhka Tíng taldf,dal fkdùug fya;=j l=ulao@ jir ;sia .Kkla mqrd iqks,a wdßhr;ak ;=< Ôj;ajk iskud ne;su;d Tyq ;=< zisáh hq;=Z iskudlrejdg jvd il%Sh iïmkak ùuh’ m;srdcg” jika;g” O¾uisßg ke;s jdikdjla iqks,ag ysñjkqfha tu Nla;sh fya;=fjks’ Ñ;%mg ksIamdoljre talrdYS ù” ix.ï msysgqjdf.k fuu iskud ne;su;dg wjia:dj i,id fokafka ta wkqjh’ iqks,a wdßhr;ak i;= fuu iqúfYaI iskud Nla;sjka;lu j¾;udk iskudf,da,S;ajh” fmdÿck leue;a; yd fjf<|fmd< iu. o uekúka ieif|hs’ zl=i mndZ ÿjk Ñ;%mghla jkqfha ta wkqjh’ fidaur;ak Èidkdhl ^fuys úOdhl ksIamdol& f¾Kqld nd,iQßh ^fuys f¾Çh ksIamdÈld& iy Oïñl isßj¾Ok ^fuys iu ksIamdol& jeks j¾;udk Ñ;%mg fjf<|fmd< ch.;a;jqka iqks¨ka ;=< Ôj;ajk iskud Nla;sjka;hdg fnfyúka leue;sh’ j¾;udk udOH ixialD;sh ;=< iskudlrejl=g jvd iskud Nla;sjka;hl=f.a w.h by<h’ iskudj ;=< muKla fkdj” ixialD;sh ;=< wd¾Ólh ;=< yd foaYmd,kh ;=< o ck ú{dkh ;Skaÿ lrkqfha nqoaêh fkdj Nla;shhs’ w¾:h fkdj úÑ;%;ajhhs’ .eUqr fkdj oDYHudkhhs’ Ñka;kh fkdj Ndjd;sYh lïmkhhs’
yegmia úhe;s iskud b;sydih ;=< jir 40la u wLKavj il%Shj isá iqks,a wdßhr;ak ieu úg oejeka;hka u; hefmñka ;u miq.dó ;eka fudfyd;lg hgm;a lr.kS’ ;u m%ldYk YlH;djhg jvd Nla;sh m%n, ùfuka fuu iskud ne;su;d uqyqK fok w¾nqoh hgm;a lrkafka tu oejeka;hl=f.a m%Ndu;alñks’ ish zirex.f,aZ Ñ;%mgfha tu m%Ndj .dñKS f*dkafialdh’ zl=i mndZys celaika weka;kSh’ ke;fyd;a ;siai wfífialrh’ fuu oejeka;lu hkq oejeka; m%;srEmh o fjhs’ zird.SZ ^1970& flá Ñ;%mgfha isg jD;a;dka; Ñ;%mg ÿisï tlyudrla furg iskudjg odhdo l<;a iqks¨ka f,iag¾” m;S” y|.u” m%ikak,d fuka m%n, iskudlrejl= f,i iïNdjkdjg md;%jkafka ke;’ zisßfnda whshdZ” zirex.f,aZ” zfmdä u,a,sZ jeks ish Wiiau Ñ;%mg lsysmh jqjo furg iskud u. ;=< úYsIag lD;s f,i biau;= jkafka ke;’ iqks,a wdßhr;ak b;sydi .; jkafka ;u uq,au Ñ;%mgh m%o¾Ykh jkakg;a fmr Ñ;%mg 10la wOHlaIKh l< iQrhkaf.;a iQrhd f,ih’ tl, fyda ful, o fuu iskud ne;su;df.a jdikdj fjkqfjka Nla;su;a ksIamdoljre talrdYSùu mqÿuhla fkdfõ’ tu jdikdfõ uysuh ;rug zl=i mndZ fuys iskud;aul m%Ndj ÿ.S h’
fuys iskud;aul ÿ.S Ndjh celaikaf.a kdihg muKla ouk ÿmam;a fïlma tfla mgka iuia; lD;sh mqrdu Èfjhs’ ;sr rpkh ;=< ;siai wfífialr jekakl= w;ska w;aje/oaola f,ij;a isÿfkdúh yels nrm;< je/È /ils’ fuys rdc ìfidajre ;u mq;al=ureka wu;kqfha zwfka mqf;aZ lshdh’ celaika weka;kS ujkafka l=i kue;s úlD;s” rildó wysxil mqoa.,hdu fkdfõ’ l=i mndys celaika úiska ;nkqfha l=i fkdj celaika fkdfõ oehs wmg isf;k ;eka iq,Nh’ zl=iZ mrod ;=ïuqq,af,a moafïj u;=jk ;ekla o ug u;lh’ zfudard iy urdidoaZ ys fia taldldÍ f,i w;mh úislrñka kdglSh jk celaika weka;kS l=ig u;=jkakg bv fkdfohs’ ;jo celaikaf.a oejeka; mqIaáu;a YÍrh o l=i pß;hg ndOdldÍ h’
l=i mnd ys iskudiafldama mq¿,a ;srh msrùug miq;, ks¾udKlre iy cd;Hka;r leurdlre wiu¾: jk ;eka iq,Nh’ fuu ruKSh úÑ;% Ñ;%mghg wfkla úYd,;u ydksh uqiqlrkafka pkaok úl%uisxy kue;s ckm%sh k¾;kfõÈhd h’ úÑ;%dNrKfhka iy iuk< j¾K jia;%fhka ieriS kgk ;u kegqï mka;sfha pQá kx.s,df.ka fuu rdc f;acia msß bme/Ks rdc iNd k¾;kdj,s uefjkafka ke;’ wvqu ;rñka mQcd WudIxl¾f.a wdl¾IKSh iqrEmS rej iu. wy,lskaj;a hk rE fidnd iys; kjl ks<shka fm<laj;a fiùug fuu m%ùK k¾;kdpd¾h;=ud fjfyiS ke;’ tfia fkdù kï fuu ksIamdoljrekaf.a ix.uh Bg wjYH uQ,H iïmdok uqodyer ke;’ ,laI oyfha wdfhdack m%Ndj zl=i mndZ ys k¾;k rEmdj,s ;=< ke;’ zwfYdalZ” zfoaõodiaZ jeks bkaÈhdkq ckm%sh Ñ;%mghl k¾;kdx. iu. zl=i mndZys úis;=re k¾;kdx. ixikaokh fkdlr isáh yelso@ l=if.a kdih úáka úg úúO iajrEm .ekSu o lemS fmfka’ zcelaikaZj fkdjid lD;su  kdifhka muKla l=ij u;= lsÍug fõYksrEmK Ys,amSyq y;r fokdu j. n,d f.k we;’ zcelaikaZ fkduld Zl=iZ ueùfï úYajl¾uhg bkaÿ ,xld fõY ksrEmK Ys,amSyq isõ fofkl=u iïnkaO ù isàu o zl=i mndZys ;j;a iqúfYaI ldrKhls’
l=i mnd werfUkafka m%n, iskud;aul rEmuh bÕshlsks’ fuu iskud;aul fmr iQodku wm ;=< cks; l< wfmalaId l%u l%ufhka lv lrñka Ñ;%mgh fmrg wefohs’ fuys iskud;aul miq.dó ;eka tla tla wxY ;=<ska Ñ;%Kh ù fmfkkafka l%udkql+,jh’ Ñ;%mgh wjikajkafka tu ÿn,;d ish,a, leá fldg.;a fnd<| l+g m%dma;shlsks’